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Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems, known as FRES, is a system for the classification of ecosystems developed by the United States Forest Service as a management tool for the entire lower 48.〔Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, A. J.; Duncan, D. A.; Lewis, M. E.; and Smith, D. R. (1977) (''Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems'' ) (Forest Service Handbook Number 465) United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., 〕 Thirty four ecosystems were defined for grasslands, forests and woodlands.〔 ==Forest and woodland classification== *FRES 10 White pine - red pine - jack pine *FRES 11 Spruce - fir *FRES 12 Longleaf - slash pine *FRES 13 Loblolly - shortleaf pine *FRES 14 Oak pine *FRES 15 Oak - hickory *FRES 16 Oak - gum - cypress *FRES 17 Elm - ash - cottonwood *FRES 18 Maple - beech - birch *FRES 19 Aspen - birch *FRES 20 Douglas-fir *FRES 21 Ponderosa pine *FRES 22 Western white pine *FRES 23 Fir - spruce *FRES 24 Hemlock - Sitka spruce *FRES 25 Larch *FRES 26 Lodgepole pine *FRES 27 Redwood *FRES 28 Western hardwoods *FRES 29 Sagebrush *FRES 30 Desert shrub *FRES 31 Shinnery *FRES 32 Texas savanna *FRES 33 Southwestern shrubsteppe *FRES 34 Chaparral - mountain shrub *FRES 35 Pinyon - juniper 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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